Just-in-time (JIT) is an effective strategy for optimising an organisation's operational performance. Many studies on JIT have been undertaken on repetitious large manufacturing firms. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of JIT on cost efficiency and responsiveness performance, as well as the moderating impacts of several critical aspects of non-repetitive manufacturing contexts, namely product customisation and demand fluctuation. As JIT is an effective strategy for optimising an organisation's operational performance, it is essential to the Lean management methodology. Both quantitative by means of questionnaire and qualitative by means of interviews were used in this study. 230 questionnaires were received and ten in-depth interviews were conducted during the study to acquire information. Descriptive and inferential analyses; in particular, a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach were utilised to model the association between JIT practice, non-repetitive features, and operational performance, customer satisfaction, and profitability. Just-in-time (JIT), product customisation (PC), demand variability (DV), cost efficiency (CE), responsiveness (RES), customer satisfaction (CS), and profitability (PRO) are the seven latent variables created three exogenous and four exogenous. It was discovered that JIT and product customisation (PC) practises had no substantial impact on the cost efficiency (CE) of the companies who use them. Both, on the other hand, were adversely connected with cost-effectiveness. Product customisation (PC) was associated with responsiveness (RES) in a significant and positive way, but demand variability (DV) was related to cost efficiency considerably and positively. Both cost efficiency (CE) and responsiveness (RES) were endogenous factors that influence customer satisfaction (CS), and profitability (PRO).

Just-in-time (JIT) is an effective strategy for optimising an organisation's operational performance. Many studies on JIT have been undertaken on repetitious large manufacturing firms. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of JIT on cost efficiency and responsiveness performance, as well as the moderating impacts of several critical aspects of non-repetitive manufacturing contexts, namely product customisation and demand fluctuation. As JIT is an effective strategy for optimising an organisation's operational performance, it is essential to the Lean management methodology. Both quantitative by means of questionnaire and qualitative by means of interviews were used in this study. 230 questionnaires were received and ten in-depth interviews were conducted during the study to acquire information. Descriptive and inferential analyses; in particular, a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach were utilised to model the association between JIT practice, non-repetitive features, and operational performance, customer satisfaction, and profitability. Just-in-time (JIT), product customisation (PC), demand variability (DV), cost efficiency (CE), responsiveness (RES), customer satisfaction (CS), and profitability (PRO) are the seven latent variables created three exogenous and four exogenous. It was discovered that JIT and product customisation (PC) practises had no substantial impact on the cost efficiency (CE) of the companies who use them. Both, on the other hand, were adversely connected with cost-effectiveness. Product customisation (PC) was associated with responsiveness (RES) in a significant and positive way, but demand variability (DV) was related to cost efficiency considerably and positively. Both cost efficiency (CE) and responsiveness (RES) were endogenous factors that influence customer satisfaction (CS), and profitability (PRO).